Sound Out

So far in this section we’ve looked at how to get multiple streams of audio into Sonic Pi - either through the use of the :sound_in synth or via the powerful live_audio system. In addition to working with multiple streams of input audio, Sonic Pi can also output multiple streams of audio. This is achieved via the :sound_out FX.

Output contexts

Let’s quickly recap on how Sonic Pi’s synths and FX output their audio to their current FX context. For example, consider the following:

with_fx :reverb do    # C
  with_fx :echo do    # B
    sample :bd_haus   # A
  end
end

The simplest way to understand what’s happening with the audio stream is to start at the innermost audio context and work our way out. In this case, the innermost context is labelled A and is the :bd_haus sample being triggered. The audio for this goes directly into its context which is B - the :echo FX. This then adds echo to the incoming audio and outputs it to its context which is C - the :reverb FX. This then adds reverb to the incoming audio and outputs to its context which is the top level - the left and right speakers (outputs 1 and 2 in your audio card). The audio flows outwards with a stereo signal all the way through.

Sound Out FX

The above behaviour is true for all synths (including live_audio) and the majority of FX with the exception of :sound_out. The :sound_out FX does two things. Firstly it outputs its audio to its external context as described above. Secondly it also outputs its audio directly to an output on your sound card. Let’s take a look:

with_fx :reverb do      # C
  with_fx :sound_out, output: 3 do # B
    sample :bd_haus     # A
  end
end

In this example, our :bd_haus sample outputs its audio to its external context which is the :sound_out FX. This in turn outputs its audio to its external context the :reverb FX (as expected). However, it also outputs a mono mix to the 3rd output of the system’s soundcard. The audio generated within :sound_out therefore has two destinations - the :reverb FX and audio card output 3.

Mono and Stereo out

As we’ve seen, by default, the :sound_out FX outputs a mono mix of the stereo input to a specific channel in addition to passing the stereo feed to the outer context (as expected). If outputting a mono mix isn’t precisely what you want to do, there are a number of alternative options. Firstly, by using the mode: opt you can choose to output just the left or just the right input signal to the audio card. Or you can use the :sound_out_stereo FX to output to two consecutive sound card outputs. See the function documentation for more information and examples.

Direct Out

As we have also seen, the default behaviour for :sound_out and :sound_out_stereo is to send the audio both to their external context (as is typical of all FX) and to the specified output on your soundcard. However, occasionally you may wish to only send to the output on your soundcard and not to the external context (and therefore not have any chance of the sound being mixed and sent to the standard output channels 1 and 2). This is possible by using the standard FX opt amp: which operates on the audio after the FX has been able to manipulate the audio:

with_fx :sound_out, output: 3, amp: 0 do # B
  sample :loop_amen                      # A
end

In the above example, the :loop_amen sample is sent to its outer context, the :sound_out FX. This then sends a mono mix to audio card output 3 and then multiplies the audio by 0 which essentially silences it. It is this silenced signal which is then sent out to the :sound_out’s outer context which is the standard output. Therefore with this code, the default output channels will not receive any audio, and channel 3 will receive a mono mix of the amen drum break.